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{{Chembox new| Name = Ammonium perchlorate| ImageFile = Ammonium perchlorate.jpg| ImageName =| IUPACName =| OtherNames = AP ?| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers| SMILES = O=Cl(=O)(=O)O| CASNo = 7790-98-9 -->
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties| Formula = NH4ClO4| MolarMass = 117.48876 g/mol| Appearance = white granular| Density = 1.95 g/cm³| Solubility = 18.5 g/100 g H2O (15 °C)Atherton Seidell.
Solubilities of inorganic and organic compounds c. 2. D. Van Nostrand Co.,
1919, p. 44.| MeltingPt = Exotherm. Decomposition
before melting
595 - 750 K Liu L., Li F., Tan L., Ming L., and Yi Y.
Effects of Nanometer Ni, Cu, Al and NiCu Powders on the Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate. Propellant, Explosives, Pyrotechnics,
29, 2004, pp. 34-38| BoilingPt = (? K)| pKa =| pKb =| Viscosity = ?
Poise at ?°C -->
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure| MolShape =| Coordination =| CrystalStruct = Orthorhombic (< 513 K)
Cubic (> 513 K)| Dipole = -->
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards| ExternalMSDS =| MainHazards = -->
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related| OtherAnions = ammonium chlorate
ammonium chloride
[sodium perchlorate
lithium perchlorate -->
-->
Ammonium perchlorate (AP) is a chemical compound with the formula NitrogenHydrogen4ChlorineOxygen4.It is the
salt of
ammonia and
perchloric acid. Like other
perchlorates, it is a powerful
oxidation.
It is produced by reaction between
ammonia and perchloric acid, or by double decomposition between an ammonium salt and
sodium perchlorate.
It crystallises in colorless rhombohedron with a relative density of 1.95. Like most ammonium salts, it decomposes before melting. Mild heating results in chlorine, nitrogen, oxygen and water, while strong heating may lead to explosions.
The combustion behavior of such compound is quite complex and is widely studied in literature.Ammonium perchlorate crystals decompose before melting, even though a thin liquid layer has been observed on crystal surface during high pressure combustion processesT. L. Boggs,
Deflagration Rate, Surface Structure and Subsurface Profile of Self-Deflagrating Single Crystals of Ammonium Perchlorate. AIAA Journal,
8(5), 1970, pp. 867--873.
The gaseous decomposition products are in general ammonia- and chlorine-based and can react together generating a thin premixed flame very close to the crystal surface. Pure crystals cannot sustain a flame below the pressure of 20 bar (2 MPa). Nevertheless, the material is considered hazardous if ground under 15 micrometres. When AP is mixed with a fuel (like a metal powder or mixed with a polymeric binder) it can generate self-sustained combustion also far under atmospheric pressure.
It is an important oxidizer used in solid rocket propellants known as Ammonium perchlorate composite propellants (
APCP). Uses include the Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Boosters, as well as many other solid rockets including some fireworks,
amateur rocketry and hobby
high powered rockets, and larger rockets used for
space launch and military purposes.
The
PEPCON disaster happened at an ammonium perchlorate manufacturing plant. The resulting explosions measured 3.5 on the
Richter scale some 600 miles (1000 km) away.
References
{{Chembox new| Name = Ammonium perchlorate| ImageFile = Ammonium perchlorate.jpg| ImageName =| IUPACName =| OtherNames = AP ?| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers| SMILES = O=Cl(=O)(=O)O| CASNo = 7790-98-9 -->
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties| Formula = NH4ClO4| MolarMass = 117.48876 g/mol| Appearance = white granular| Density = 1.95 g/cm³| Solubility = 18.5 g/100 g H2O (15 °C)Atherton Seidell.
Solubilities of inorganic and organic compounds c. 2. D. Van Nostrand Co.,
1919, p. 44.| MeltingPt = Exotherm. Decomposition
before melting
595 - 750 K Liu L., Li F., Tan L., Ming L., and Yi Y.
Effects of Nanometer Ni, Cu, Al and NiCu Powders on the Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate. Propellant, Explosives, Pyrotechnics,
29, 2004, pp. 34-38| BoilingPt = (? K)| pKa =| pKb =| Viscosity = ? Poise at ?°C -->
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure| MolShape =| Coordination =| CrystalStruct = Orthorhombic (< 513 K)
Cubic (> 513 K)| Dipole = -->
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards| ExternalMSDS =| MainHazards = -->
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related| OtherAnions =
ammonium chlorateammonium chloride
[sodium perchloratelithium perchlorate -->
-->
Ammonium perchlorate (AP) is a chemical compound with the formula Nitrogen
Hydrogen4Chlorine
Oxygen4.It is the salt of
ammonia and
perchloric acid. Like other
perchlorates, it is a powerful oxidation.
It is produced by reaction between ammonia and
perchloric acid, or by double decomposition between an ammonium salt and
sodium perchlorate.
It crystallises in colorless rhombohedron with a relative density of 1.95. Like most ammonium salts, it decomposes before
melting. Mild heating results in chlorine, nitrogen, oxygen and water, while strong heating may lead to explosions.
The combustion behavior of such compound is quite complex and is widely studied in literature.Ammonium perchlorate crystals decompose before melting, even though a thin liquid layer has been observed on crystal surface during high pressure combustion processesT. L. Boggs,
Deflagration Rate, Surface Structure and Subsurface Profile of Self-Deflagrating Single Crystals of Ammonium Perchlorate. AIAA Journal,
8(5), 1970, pp. 867--873.
The gaseous decomposition products are in general ammonia- and chlorine-based and can react together generating a thin premixed flame very close to the crystal surface. Pure crystals cannot sustain a flame below the pressure of 20 bar (2 MPa). Nevertheless, the material is considered hazardous if ground under 15 micrometres. When AP is mixed with a fuel (like a metal powder or mixed with a polymeric binder) it can generate self-sustained combustion also far under atmospheric pressure.
It is an important oxidizer used in solid rocket
propellants known as Ammonium perchlorate composite propellants (APCP). Uses include the Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Boosters, as well as many other
solid rockets including some fireworks, amateur rocketry and hobby
high powered rockets, and larger rockets used for space launch and military purposes.
The
PEPCON disaster happened at an ammonium perchlorate manufacturing plant. The resulting explosions measured 3.5 on the Richter scale some 600 miles (1000 km) away.
References
Ammonium perchlorate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Ammonium perchlorate (AP) is a chemical compound with the formula N H 4 Cl O 4. It is the salt of ammonia and perchloric acid. Like other perchlorates, it is a powerful oxidizer.
Safety (MSDS) data for ammonium perchlorate
Safety (MSDS) data for ammonium perchlorate ... Glossary of terms on this data sheet. The information on this web page is provided to help you to work safely, but it is intended to ...
Ammonium perchlorate - What does AP stand for? Acronyms and ...
Evaluation of a population with occupational exposure to airborne ammonium perchlorate for possible acute or chronic effects on thyroid function.
Ammonium Perchlorate Composite Propellant - Wikipedia, the free ...
Ammonium Perchlorate Composite Propellant, or APCP, is a modern solid rocket propellant used in both manned and unmanned rocket vehicles. It is extremely efficient and is also more ...
Ammonium Perchlorate Composite Propellant - What does APCP stand for ...
Acronym Definition; APCP: Air Pollution Control Program: APCP: Ammonium Perchlorate Composite Propellant: APCP: Association of Paediatric Chartered Physiotherapists (UK)
University of Exeter: Effects of Ammonium Perchlorate on Thyroid ...
Automatic import from http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/oai/oai.cgi into DSpace/OR repository {ERIC} on 2007-05-128
English Heritage Online thesaurus ()
AMMONIUM PERCHLORATE WORKS: SN A chemical works engaged in the production of Ammonium Perchlorate, a product used in the explosives industry.
JEM Articles
Biological reduction of perchlorate in ion exchange regenerant solutions containing high salinity and ammonium levels. Tina M. Gingras and Jacimaria R.
ammonium perchlorate (APC)|RONAS CHEMICALS IND.CO.,LTD.
CAS 7790-98-9,ammonium perchlorate,UN no 1450,HS code 2829.9000,¸ßÂÈËáï§,Ammonium Perchlorate,specification of ammonium perchlorate,application of ammonium perchlorate,msds ...
Images of England
Definition: A chemical works engaged in the production of Ammonium Perchlorate, a product used in the explosives industry.
